Whole-Life Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction and Removal Strategies for Buildings: Impacts and Diffusion Potentials Across EU Member States

Summary
This study provides a comprehensive framework for identifying and classifying carbon reduction and removal strategies (CRRS) for buildings within the European Union. It highlights the critical role of timber and biobased materials in achieving net-zero carbon targets, showcasing their potential to significantly reduce embodied emissions while acting as carbon sinks. The analysis systematically evaluates 35 measures, grouped into 11 strategies, to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and increase carbon removal across all life cycle stages of buildings. The findings underscore the need to integrate biobased materials, such as timber, alongside operational carbon strategies to drive meaningful climate action in the construction sector.

Key Takeaways
1. Timber and Biobased Material Adoption: Timber and other biobased materials are central to reducing embodied carbon, offering renewable, low-carbon solutions for construction.
2. Circular Economy Potential: Enhanced material reuse and recycling can amplify the benefits of biobased materials, maximising their lifecycle utility and reducing waste.
3. Avoid–Shift–Improve Framework: The ASI framework categorises strategies that prioritise biobased material use, minimise resource consumption, and enhance carbon storage in buildings.

How It Can Help You
This report is essential for policymakers, researchers, and construction stakeholders who are:
• Focusing on timber and biobased materials as key components of sustainable building practices.
• Exploring innovative strategies to reduce embodied and operational carbon in construction.
• Seeking regional insights into the scalability and implementation of biobased construction solutions.

Key Learnings
1. Biobased Materials for Embodied Carbon Reduction: Incorporating timber and other biobased materials can transform buildings into carbon sinks, substantially reducing life-cycle GHG emissions.
2. Holistic Integration of Timber: Effective strategies include optimising timber use across structural and non-structural applications while ensuring sustainable sourcing.
3. Regional Adaptability: Tailoring timber and biobased solutions to regional contexts enhances their effectiveness, ensuring alignment with EU climate goals and local resources.